The next 20 years will be a time of extraordinary change and challenge for Africa, to create jobs for our rapidly rising populations, to tackle the debilitating impacts of climate change, and to transform Africa by harnessing new technologies, open trade, and growing investment. At the same time, we must continue to improve governance and maintain our enduring fight against inequality, poverty, and illiteracy.

Since NEPAD was launched in Lusaka, Zambia, of course the world has changed dramatically. On the one hand there is much more African ownership of the development agenda as many countries move towards middle income status. Agenda 2063 and the SDGs guide the continent with clear and robust goals. At the same time, we are confronted with the devastating impact of COVID-19, both a human and economic toll, the extraordinarily complex challenges of global warming, and a waning of multilateralism. 

That said, more than ever, Africa is up to the challenge. A lot is changing fast in terms of economic development and investment, and we have been proud of the Africa CDC’s response to the pandemic. Moves by the African Union to establish the Africa Medical Supplies Platform has pointed to institutional strength and solidarity. These examples of progress give us hope. But as we look to the challenges of the next 20 year, we need to better position African institutions within the global development agenda and the global economy. Some institutions will need to mature quickly to meet their objectives; while in some cases we need to invest in, and revitalize, existing institutions. 

Transformation cannot be achieved without strong institutions, inspiring leadership, and well thought out policies. In my recent book, Know the Beginning Well, I reflect on the evolution of Africa’s development over the past 50 years and the leadership and institutions required to make them effective. Crucial for our future will be the success of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). To reap the benefits of the free trade agreement will require a highly capable AfCFTA Secretariat and national implementation teams; well-designed and coordinated policy across 54 nations; and leadership that is committed to finding compromise when needed to maintain effective implementation of the landmark pact over the medium term.