The purpose of this specialised study is to assist selected governments in sub-Saharan Africa to strengthen their agriculture sector programming and budgeting and the effectiveness of their public expenditure in the sector through formulating an agriculture sector MTEF. A MTEF has three main elements: (a) projections of the aggregate resource envelope or budget ceilings for the medium term provided from the MoF; (b) bottom-up cost estimates of the sector programme; and, (c) a political and administrative process that integrates and reconciles the two.